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Research library

Explore selected publications, evidence types, key findings, and registered studies with direct links to each primary record. This curated library is not a complete archive of the thousands of studies across the wider scientific literature.

PublicationsClinical trials

49 publications

Showing records relevant to TB-4 Fragment.

Preclinical animal

Thymosin beta4 accelerates wound healing.

Key finding

In full-thickness rat wounds, full-length thymosin beta-4 increased re-epithelialization by up to 61%, collagen deposition and angiogenesis.

The Journal of investigative dermatology 1999

Related full-length Thymosin beta-4 animal evidence. Relevant to TB-4 Fragment

PubMed
Preclinical animal

Thymosin beta 4 and a synthetic peptide containing its actin-binding domain promote dermal wound repair in db/db diabetic mice and in aged mice.

Key finding

Thymosin beta-4 and a synthetic actin-binding-domain fragment accelerated dermal repair in diabetic and aged mice.

Wound repair and regeneration : official publication of the Wound Healing Society [and] the European Tissue Repair Society 2003

Direct fragment-domain and full-length animal evidence. Relevant to TB-4 Fragment

PubMed
Review

Thymosin beta4: actin-sequestering protein moonlights to repair injured tissues.

Key finding

This review links thymosin beta-4 to cell migration, angiogenesis, reduced inflammation and repair across dermal, corneal and cardiac injury models.

Trends in molecular medicine 2005

Related full-length Thymosin beta-4 repair review. Relevant to TB-4 Fragment

PubMed
Published research

Thymosin β4: a multi-functional regenerative peptide. Basic properties and clinical applications.

Key finding

This translational review summarizes thymosin beta-4's roles in cell migration, blood-vessel formation, inflammation control and tissue regeneration.

Expert opinion on biological therapy 2011

Related full-length Thymosin beta-4 translational review. Relevant to TB-4 Fragment

PubMed
Review

Thymosin beta4: structure, function, and biological properties supporting current and future clinical applications.

Key finding

The review consolidates evidence that thymosin beta-4 supports cytoprotection, angiogenesis and tissue repair through actin regulation.

Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 2010

Related full-length Thymosin beta-4 mechanism review. Relevant to TB-4 Fragment

PubMed
Review

Progress on the Function and Application of Thymosin β4.

Key finding

The study reports that the present study reveals the progress regarding functions and applications of Tβ4.

Frontiers in endocrinology 2021

Research relevant to TB-4 Fragment. Relevant to TB-4 Fragment

PubMed
Human randomized

Thymosin beta-4 and venous ulcers: clinical remarks on a European prospective, randomized study on safety, tolerability, and enhancement on healing.

Key finding

The objective of this double-blind, placebo-controlled, dose-escalation study is to evaluate safety, tolerability, and enhancement on healing of thymosin beta-4 (Tbeta-4) administered topically in patients with venous ulcers.

Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 2007

Direct or closely related TB-500 and thymosin beta-4 evidence. Relevant to TB-4 Fragment

PubMed
Observational

Treatment of chronic nonhealing neurotrophic corneal epithelial defects with thymosin beta 4.

Key finding

This publication examines treatment of chronic nonhealing neurotrophic corneal epithelial defects with thymosin beta 4.

Archives of ophthalmology (Chicago, Ill. : 1960) 2010

Direct or closely related TB-500 and thymosin beta-4 evidence. Relevant to TB-4 Fragment

PubMed
Observational

Thymosin beta 4 stimulates directional migration of human umbilical vein endothelial cells.

Key finding

Thymosin beta 4 (T beta 4) is a 4.9 kDa polypeptide that interacts with G-actin and is thought to be an important mediator in cell proliferation, migration, and differentiation.

FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology 1997

Direct or closely related TB-500 and thymosin beta-4 evidence. Relevant to TB-4 Fragment

PubMed
Preclinical animal

Recombinant human thymosin beta 4 improves ischemic cardiac dysfunction in mice and patients with acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction after reperfusion.

Key finding

These findings underscore the crucial role of rhTB4 in mitigating cardiac dysfunction in an ErbB2-dependent manner.

Cardiovascular research 2025

Direct or closely related Thymosin beta-4 evidence. Relevant to TB-4 Fragment

PubMed
Preclinical animal

The regenerative peptide thymosin β4 accelerates the rate of dermal healing in preclinical animal models and in patients.

Key finding

Chronic nonhealing cutaneous wounds are a worldwide problem with no agent able to promote healing.

Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 2012

Direct or closely related TB-500 and thymosin beta-4 evidence. Relevant to TB-4 Fragment

PubMed
Preclinical animal

Thymosin beta 4 promotes corneal wound healing and decreases inflammation in vivo following alkali injury.

Key finding

Previously, thymosin beta 4 (Tbeta(4)) was found to promote wound healing in full thickness skin wounds and heptanol debrided corneas.

Experimental eye research 2002

Direct or closely related TB-500 and thymosin beta-4 evidence. Relevant to TB-4 Fragment

PubMed
Human randomized

A randomized, placebo-controlled, single and multiple dose study of intravenous thymosin beta4 in healthy volunteers.

Key finding

Synthetic thymosin beta 4 (Tbeta4) may have a potential use in promoting myocardial cell survival during acute myocardial infarction.

Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 2010

Direct or closely related Thymosin beta-4 evidence. Relevant to TB-4 Fragment

PubMed
Observational

Synthesis and characterization of the N-terminal acetylated 17-23 fragment of thymosin beta 4 identified in TB-500, a product suspected to possess doping potential.

Key finding

The formulation TB-500 is suspected to be used as doping agent in sport.

Drug testing and analysis 2012

Direct or closely related TB-500 and thymosin beta-4 evidence. Relevant to TB-4 Fragment

PubMed
Observational

Thymosin beta 4 and Fx, an actin-sequestering peptide, are indistinguishable.

Key finding

At least 50% of the actin in resting human platelets is unpolymerized, and the bulk of this unpolymerized actin is complexed with a recently identified acidic, heat-stable 5-kDa peptide, named "Fx." Purified Fx binds stoichiometrically to muscle G-actin, forming a complex identifiable by nondenaturing polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis.

The Journal of biological chemistry 1991

Direct or closely related Thymosin beta-4 evidence. Relevant to TB-4 Fragment

PubMed
Preclinical animal

Thymosin Beta-4 Induces Mouse Hair Growth.

Key finding

Thymosin beta-4 (Tβ4) is known to induce hair growth and hair follicle (HF) development; however, its mechanism of action is unknown.

PloS one 2015

Direct or closely related Thymosin beta-4 evidence. Relevant to TB-4 Fragment

PubMed
Preclinical animal

Doping control analysis of TB-500, a synthetic version of an active region of thymosin β₄, in equine urine and plasma by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry.

Key finding

A veterinary preparation known as TB-500 and containing a synthetic version of the naturally occurring peptide LKKTETQ has emerged.

Journal of chromatography. A 2012

Direct or closely related TB-500 and thymosin beta-4 evidence. Relevant to TB-4 Fragment

PubMed
Review

Thymosin beta-4 denotes new directions towards developing prosperous anti-aging regenerative therapies.

Key finding

Our dream of defeating the processes of organ damage and aging remains a challenge scientists pursued for hundreds of years.

International immunopharmacology 2023

Direct or closely related Thymosin beta-4 evidence. Relevant to TB-4 Fragment

PubMed
Review

Thymosin beta 4 and the eye: the journey from bench to bedside.

Key finding

Thymosin beta 4 (Tβ4) has important applications in ocular repair and Phase 3 clinical trials using Tβ4 to treat dry eye and neurotrophic keratopathy are currently ongoing.

Expert opinion on biological therapy 2018

Direct or closely related TB-500 and thymosin beta-4 evidence. Relevant to TB-4 Fragment

PubMed
Review

Thymosin Beta 4: A Potential Novel Therapy for Neurotrophic Keratopathy, Dry Eye, and Ocular Surface Diseases.

Key finding

Chronic ocular surface diseases such as dry eye, blepharitis, and neurotrophic keratopathies represent a significant and a growing therapeutic challenge.

Vitamins and hormones 2016

Direct or closely related Thymosin beta-4 evidence. Relevant to TB-4 Fragment

PubMed

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