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Research library

Explore selected publications, evidence types, key findings, and registered studies with direct links to each primary record. This curated library is not a complete archive of the thousands of studies across the wider scientific literature.

PublicationsClinical trials

45 publications

Showing records relevant to Melanotan II.

Preclinical animal

4-Norleucine, 7-D-phenylalanine-alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone: a highly potent alpha-melanotropin with ultralong biological activity.

Key finding

alpha-Melanocyte-stimulating hormone (alpha-MSH) reversibly darkens frog skins by stimulating melanosome movement (dispersion) within melanophores.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 1980

Melanotan II mechanism or target context. Relevant to Melanotan II

PubMed
Review

Melanocortin peptide therapeutics: historical milestones, clinical studies and commercialization.

Key finding

The melanocortins (MCs) are a family of multifunctional peptidergic hormones.

Peptides 2006

Direct or closely related Melanotan II evidence. Relevant to Melanotan II

PubMed
Human clinical

Evaluation of melanotan-II, a superpotent cyclic melanotropic peptide in a pilot phase-I clinical study.

Key finding

A pilot phase I study was conducted with a cyclic heptapeptide analog of alpha-melanocyte stimulating hormone (alpha-MSH).

Life sciences 1996

Direct or closely related Melanotan II evidence. Relevant to Melanotan II

PubMed
Preclinical animal

Preformulation studies with melanotan-II: a potential skin cancer chemopreventive peptide.

Key finding

Melanotan-II (1) is a cyclic heptapeptide analogue of alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (alpha-MSH) which tans the skin and is currently being evaluated for the prevention of sunlight-induced skin cancers.

Journal of pharmaceutical sciences 1994

Direct or closely related Melanotan II evidence. Relevant to Melanotan II

PubMed
Review

Melanocortin 1 Receptor: Structure, Function, and Regulation.

Key finding

The melanocortin 1 receptor (MC1R) is a melanocytic Gs protein coupled receptor that regulates skin pigmentation, UV responses, and melanoma risk.

Frontiers in genetics 2016

Melanotan II mechanism or target context. Relevant to Melanotan II

PubMed
Human randomized

Effect of an alpha-melanocyte stimulating hormone analog on penile erection and sexual desire in men with organic erectile dysfunction.

Key finding

The erectogenic properties of Melanotan II are not limited to cases of psychogenic erectile dysfunction; men with a variety of organic risk factors developed penile erections.

Urology 2000

Direct or closely related Melanotan II evidence. Relevant to Melanotan II

PubMed
Published research

LC-HRMS characterization of the skin pigmentation and sexual enhancers melanotan II and bremelanotide sold on the black market of performance and image enhancing drugs.

Key finding

The study reports that the characterization was carried out by the accurate mass measurements of MH+ ionic species, the study of their isotopic patterns and the associated relative isotopic abundance (RIA) values, as well as the accurate mass measurements of collision-induced product ions obtained in fragmentation experiments.

Drug testing and analysis 2021

Direct Melanotan II evidence. Relevant to Melanotan II

PubMed
Human clinical

Melanocortin receptor agonists, penile erection, and sexual motivation: human studies with Melanotan II.

Key finding

We review our experience with Melanotan II, a non-selective melanocortin receptor agonist, in human subjects with erectile dysfunction (ED).

International journal of impotence research 2000

Direct or closely related Melanotan II evidence. Relevant to Melanotan II

PubMed
Human clinical

Synthetic melanotropic peptide initiates erections in men with psychogenic erectile dysfunction: double-blind, placebo controlled crossover study.

Key finding

Melanotan-II is a potent initiator of erections in men with psychogenic erectile dysfunction and has manageable side effects at a dose of 0.025 mg./kg.

The Journal of urology 1998

Direct or closely related Melanotan II evidence. Relevant to Melanotan II

PubMed
Observational

Melanotan II nasal spray: a possible risk factor for oral mucosal malignant melanoma?

Key finding

The case of a 22-year-old female who developed a mass in the anterior maxilla after using Melanotan II, a nasal spray containing a synthetic analogue of melanocyte-stimulating hormone, is reported.

International journal of oral and maxillofacial surgery 2025

Direct or closely related Melanotan II evidence. Relevant to Melanotan II

PubMed
Observational

[The risks of tanning with the Barbie drug].

Key finding

This case reports underlines self-administration of Melanotan II is not without potential side effects, although Melanotan II is easily available on the internet and in gyms.

Nederlands tijdschrift voor geneeskunde 2022

Direct or closely related Melanotan II evidence. Relevant to Melanotan II

PubMed
Observational

A glimpse into the underground market of melanotan.

Key finding

Melanotan-I and melanotan-II are alpha-melanocyte stimulating hormone (a-MSH) analogues that can be purchased illicitly online with relative ease and are injected subcutaneously to stimulate a tan.

Dermatology online journal 2018

Direct or closely related Melanotan II evidence. Relevant to Melanotan II

PubMed
Observational

Eruptive naevi and darkening of pre-existing naevi 24 h after a single mono-dose injection of melanotan II.

Key finding

This publication examines eruptive naevi and darkening of pre-existing naevi 24 h after a single mono-dose injection of melanotan ii.

European journal of dermatology : EJD 2014

Direct or closely related Melanotan II evidence. Relevant to Melanotan II

PubMed
Observational

Melanotan II overdose associated with priapism.

Key finding

This publication examines melanotan ii overdose associated with priapism.

Clinical toxicology (Philadelphia, Pa.) 2013

Direct or closely related Melanotan II evidence. Relevant to Melanotan II

PubMed
Observational

Melanoma associated with the use of melanotan-II.

Key finding

BACKGROUND: Unlicensed use of melanotan-II (MT-II) to promote skin pigmentation has become prevalent amongst young people attending fitness centres.

Dermatology (Basel, Switzerland) 2013

Direct or closely related Melanotan II evidence. Relevant to Melanotan II

PubMed
Observational

Melanotan II injection resulting in systemic toxicity and rhabdomyolysis.

Key finding

Melanotan II use resulted in systemic toxicity including apparent sympathomimetic symptoms, rhabdomyolysis, and renal dysfunction.

Clinical toxicology (Philadelphia, Pa.) 2012

Direct or closely related Melanotan II evidence. Relevant to Melanotan II

PubMed
Review

Melanotan II: a possible cause of renal infarction: review of the literature and case report.

Key finding

Renal infarction is an uncommon condition resulting from an acute disruption of renal blood flow and it is potentially life-threatening disease.

CEN case reports 2020

Direct or closely related Melanotan II evidence. Relevant to Melanotan II

PubMed
Published research

Melanotan Tanning Injection: A Rare Cause of Priapism.

Key finding

Melanotan II, an injectable melanocortin analog, is illicitly available on the internet to generate a sunless tan through melanocyte induction.

Sexual medicine 2021

Direct or closely related Melanotan II evidence. Relevant to Melanotan II

PubMed
Published research

Identification and characterization by LC-UV-MS/MS of melanotan II skin-tanning products sold illegally on the Internet.

Key finding

New methods were developed and validated to determine the identity, contents, and purity of samples of melanotan II, a synthetic melanocortin receptor agonist, sold in vials as injectable skin-tanning products that were purchased from three online shops.

Drug testing and analysis 2014

Direct or closely related Melanotan II evidence. Relevant to Melanotan II

PubMed
Published research

Changes of melanocytic lesions inducedby Melanotan injections and sun bed use ina teenage patient with FAMMM syndrome.

Key finding

A 16-year-old girl presented with general skin tanning, multiple dark melanocytic nevi and an enlarging nevus in her left groin following self-injections of Melanotan 2 and attending a UV tanning studio.

Dermatology practical & conceptual 2012

Direct or closely related Melanotan II evidence. Relevant to Melanotan II

PubMed

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